10 things about the House of Orange

From the series 10 things...

The Royal House of Orange has played a defining role in the Dutch nation – and art – for more than 400 years. But they were (and are) not always viewed with admiration. Down the centuries, the Dutch royals have been both beloved and reviled, as illustrated by a variety of objects in the Rijksmuseum.

William I, Prince of Orange, Lying in State William I, Prince of Orange, Lying in State

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Father of the nation

William of Orange is regarded as the ‘father of the nation’. He was given a fitting final resting place in the New Church in Delft, in a tomb where the high altar once stood. The dog asleep at his feet probably symbolizes his loyalty to his country.

William I, Prince of Orange, Lying in State Hendrik de Keyser I (1565–1621), Amsterdam, 1613–1614, terracotta with beige coating

Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, 2 July 1600 Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, 2 July 1600

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Battle of Nieuwpoort

Prince Maurits won acclaim as a military general and strategist thanks to victories such as at the Battle of Nieuwpoort (1600). This painting depicts that battle against the Spanish forces. Maurits is on the left, on a rearing horse.

Prince Maurice at the Battle of Nieuwpoort, 2 July 1600

Heraldic tunic from the House of Orange-Nassau Heraldic tunic from the House of Orange-Nassau

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Unprecedented appeal

Frederik Hendrik exerted an unprecedented appeal. This tunic was carried in his funeral procession to display his stature and majesty. Four heralds wore similar tunics while a fifth was held aloft on a staff.

Heraldic tunic from the House of Orange-Nassau attributed to John Smout, silk, linen, metal thread, 1647

Cabinet of Amalia von Solms Cabinet of Amalia von Solms

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Orange will win out

After Frederik Hendrik‘s death, the Orange dynasty came under threat from the States Party. His widow Amalia van Solms commissioned a cabinet ornamented with orange trees and angels holding up oranges, the message being: Orange will win out.

Cabinet of Amalia von Solms Wilhelm de Rots (c. 1594/96–c. 1673), The Hague, c. 1652–1657, oak, veneered with tortoiseshell and ivory, the base veneered with rosewood and ivory

Bust of King-Stadtholder William III Bust of King-Stadtholder William III

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Stadtholder-King

As well as stadtholder, William III became king of England, Scotland and Ireland. He was well-liked by the Protestants there, but not by the Catholics. This bust immortalizes his regal status: with a crown and the initials WR, for William Rex.

Bust of King-Stadtholder William III attributed to De Metaale Pot (Lambertus van Eenhoorn), Delft, c. 1695–1700, tin-glazed earthenware (faience)

Plate with an orange tree and portraits of William V and Wilhelmina of Prussia Plate with an orange tree and portraits of William V and Wilhelmina of Prussia

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On the run

In English, the text on this plate reads: ‘As long as Sun and Moon remain; The colour Orange shall Never wane’. It refers to Stadtholder William V and his wife Wilhelmina of Prussia, who were forced into exile by the Patriots and the French. Shortly thereafter, in 1795, the Batavian Republic was proclaimed.

Plate with an orange tree and portraits of William V and Wilhelmina of Prussia Leeds, c. 1780-1795, painted decoration: the Netherlands, painted creamware

Campaign bed of Prince William of Orange Campaign bed of Prince William of Orange

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Hero of Waterloo

To many of his contemporaries, King William II was a hero. As the crown prince of Orange, he was at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, where he suffered a shoulder injury. This is thought to be his camp bed.

Campaign bed of Prince William of Orange c. 1800–1815, iron

Uit het leven van koning Gorilla Uit het leven van koning Gorilla

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King Gorilla

King William III was widely criticized by his subjects. In 1897, Sicco Roorda van Eysinga penned a satirical pamphlet about an exhibitionist ‘King Gorilla’ who abused his power and threatened and beat his wife.

Uit het leven van koning Gorilla

Portret van prinses Wilhelmina op een stoel Portret van prinses Wilhelmina op een stoel

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Popular queen

Portrait of an ordinary little girl? Certainly not! This is Wilhelmina of Orange-Nassau at age 5. As William III’s daughter, it was up to her to win back the people’s hearts. And did she ever!

Portret van prinses Wilhelmina op een stoel

Inhuldiging van koningin Beatrix, 30 april 1980 Inhuldiging van koningin Beatrix, 30 april 1980

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No homes, no coronation

Not every royal inauguration was cheered by all. Beatrix’s inauguration in 1980 was disrupted by squatters chanting ‘no homes, no coronation’. This was at a time of large-scale riots protesting the housing shortage and the Dutch authorities.

Inhuldiging van koningin Beatrix, 30 april 1980